The parliamentary elections of October 2025 introduced several novel dynamics regarding both the conduct of political parties and movements, and the behavior of the electorate itself. Incidences of strategic consolidation among smaller, ideologically aligned entities occurred with greater frequency than in previous cycles, aiming to mitigate the fragmentation of the electorate and enhance electoral viability. A potent catalyst for these alliances was the significant proportion of votes that failed to translate into representation during the preceding 2021 elections.
Regarding the electorate, we observe an unusually high degree of mobilization within the youngest age cohort, with turnout among individuals under 24 reaching 68%. A decade prior, this youngest demographic exhibited markedly below-average engagement in the electoral process. In the recent parliamentary elections—and to a lesser extent in the preceding cycle—participation among young voters converged with the national average, driven potentially by targeted campaigning, a more compelling political offer, or rising civic awareness.
However, last year’s elections confirmed and intensified certain pre-existing tendencies. Most notably, the positions of the two primary voter blocs have become further entrenched; one bloc is serviced by the parties of the current parliamentary opposition—specifically the SPOLU coalition, the STAN movement, and the alliance of the Pirates with the Green Party. The opposing bloc is decisively led by the ANO movement, accompanied by the SPD movement and its minor partners (Svobodní, PRO, Trikolora), and the STAČILO! movement, including the KSČM and SOCDEM. Only the Motoristé sobě party occupies a marginally distinct position. Notwithstanding its status within the governing coalition alongside ANO and the SPD caucus, its electorate is unique in drawing from both blocs, motivated largely by a desire to introduce novel figures into the political landscape.
Specific trends in the sociodemographic distribution of the electorate have also intensified; while turnout increased across nearly all sociodemographic groups, the surge was most pronounced among pre-retirement and retirement-age cohorts. Exceptionally high participation was recorded among men over the age of 55 and women aged 65 and above. Conversely, participation among women in the younger middle-age bracket (25 to 34 years) fell short of expectations, trailing their male counterparts by 4 percentage points. This disparity was even more pronounced in the 35 to 44 age cohort, where the gender gap widened to a full 13 percentage points. With the exception of the youngest age group, female participation remained traditionally lower than that of males.
“Did you participate in the elections to the Chamber of Deputies on October 3 and 4, 2025?”
Source: Joint post-election study by STEM, NMS, IPSOS, MEDIAN, KANTAR, and Data Collect, October 2025, N = 7738, CAWI + CATI
The ANO movement achieved the most significant result in the election, a success notable in several respects. It not only secured the highest share of the vote—one of the most substantial in modern Czech history—but also established a new national record for the absolute number of votes received. The result was also significant regarding the movement’s mobilization capacity; a broad-spectrum campaign, a strong emphasis on social security and the economy following a period of unprecedented crisis, and differentiation from more radical entities resulted in a concentration of votes rarely seen for a single movement. Since the previous elections, it has successfully strengthened its position across virtually all sociodemographic groups, effectively re-establishing itself as a “catch-all party”. Nevertheless, it is crucial to note that the primary mobilization of support occurred within demographics where the movement was already established. Regarding age groups, we observe a growth in support among the older middle-aged population, but predominantly within the oldest age categories.
Consequently, the movement achieved total dominance among voters aged 65 and over, securing more than half of the total votes in this demographic. Across virtually all age categories, the movement was selected more frequently by women than by men. The runner-up, the SPOLU coalition, achieved relatively uniform success irrespective of voter age or gender, although its support among the retirement-age population was lower than in other cohorts. The locus of support for the STAN movement and the Pirates with Greens lies unequivocally with younger voters under the age of 45. A similar pattern is observed for Motoristé sobě, where gender distribution plays a more prominent role, with a distinct preference among male voters. The SPD movement and its smaller partners relied primarily on voters in the older middle-age and early retirement brackets, irrespective of gender.
Elected parties by gender and age
Source: Joint post-election study by STEM, NMS, IPSOS, MEDIAN, KANTAR, and Data Collect, October 2025, N = 7738, CAWI + CATI Note: Adjusted for “Don’t know” and “Refused to answer” options
When aggregating voter support for the parties comprising the current government versus the current opposition, and analyzing this by age, a pronounced generational dissonance becomes apparent. The election represented, among other factors, a confrontation between the younger demographic and the older population, particularly retirees. From this perspective, the October elections (and at minimum the preceding ones) may be interpreted as a dialogue between younger and older citizens regarding whose vision for public administration should prevail. It is a contest over whose attitudes, opinions, and concerns will be more strongly represented, and whose needs are to be prioritized.
The current government holds a clear mandate from voters aged between 50 and 65, from whom it secured over half of all votes. It represents the voice of older voters to an even greater extent, capturing up to 70% of the vote in that demographic. The current opposition, conversely, most strongly represents the youngest voters and those in the younger middle-age bracket. However, in a situation where the youngest cohorts are demographically smaller than the oldest, and where the younger middle-aged population exhibits below-average turnout, opposition parties garnered success on a numerically significantly smaller side of the electoral field. In such a constellation, the probability of electoral victory is inherently limited
Electoral blocs by units of age, five-year moving averages
Source: Joint post-election study by STEM, NMS, IPSOS, MEDIAN, KANTAR, and Data Collect, October 2025, N = 7738, CAWI + CATI Note: Adjusted for “Don’t know” and “Refused to answer” options
Voter behavior diverged significantly not only by age but also according to other social characteristics. Pronounced disparities in party preference are evident when analyzed by educational attainment or subjective material security. Support for the ANO movement and the SPD declined inversely with rising education levels, whereas the vote share for current opposition parties increased substantially. Similarly, as material security increased, so did support for the former five-party coalition, while the vote share for ANO and SPD diminished. Support for Motoristé sobě was relatively cross-sectional in these respects, appealing to a similar proportion of voters across all education and material security categories.
Elected subjects by education and material security
Source: Joint post-election study by STEM, NMS, IPSOS, MEDIAN, KANTAR, and Data Collect, October 2025, N = 7738, CAWI + CATI Note: Adjusted for “Don’t know” and “Refused to answer” options
Details regarding the voting behavior of various sociodemographic groups and other findings in chapters processed by our partner agencies can be found in the full report (N.B.: the report is only available in Czech).
Each participating company (KANTAR, IPSOS, MEDIAN, NMS, Data Collect, and STEM) provided an anonymized dataset to be merged into a collective file. The survey was conducted in the post-election period of October and November 2025, predominantly via the CAWI method, on an aggregate sample of N = 7,738 individuals. The combined dataset is fully representative of the Czech adult population aged 18 and over, both in terms of key sociodemographic indicators and electoral behavior during the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in October 2025
